In his influential De Occulta Philosophia, published in 1531-33, several decades before the publication of Paracelsus' Philosophia Magna, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa also wrote of four classes of spirits corresponding to the four elements. However, by marriage with a human being, the elemental and its offspring could gain a soul. Elementals lacked this last part, the immortal soul. Paracelsus conceived human beings to be composed of three parts, an elemental body, a sidereal spirit, and an immortal divine soul. Paracelsus states that each one stays healthy in its particular " chaos," as he terms it, but dies in the others. Sylphs are the closest to humans in his conception because they move through air like we do, while in fire they burn, in water they drown, and in earth, they get stuck. Gnomes, for example, can move through rocks, walls, and soil. The elementals are said to be able to move through their own elements as human beings move through air. Gnomes are short, while salamanders are long, narrow, and lean. He noted that undines are similar to humans in size, while sylphs are rougher, coarser, longer, and stronger. In De Meteoris he referred to the elementals collectively as Sagani. Of the names he used, gnomus, undina, and sylph are all thought to have appeared first in Paracelsus' works, though undina is a fairly obvious Latin derivative from the word unda meaning "wave." His fundamental classification scheme on the first page of Tractatus II of the Book on Nymphs is based on where the elementals live, and he gives the following names: He also referred to them by purely German terms which are roughly equivalent to "water people," "mountain people," and so on, using all the different forms interchangeably. Paracelsus gave common names for the elemental types, as well as correct names, which he seems to have considered somewhat more proper, " recht namen". He regarded them not so much as spirits but as beings between creatures and spirits, generally being invisible to mankind but having physical and commonly humanoid bodies, as well as eating, sleeping, and wearing clothes like humans. The concept of elementals seems to have been conceived by Paracelsus in the 16th century, though he did not in fact use the term "elemental" or a German equivalent. The following is his archetypal being for each of the four elements:
He states that there is more bliss in describing these "divine objects" than in describing fencing, court etiquette, cavalry, and other worldly pursuits. He wrote the book to "describe the creatures that are outside the cognizance of the light of nature, how they are to be understood, what marvellous works God has created". Part of the Philosophia Magna, this book was first printed in 1566 after Paracelsus' death. In his 16th-century work A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits, Paracelsus identified mythological beings as belonging to one of the four elements. The homunculus is another example of a Paracelsian idea with roots in earlier alchemical, scientific, and folklore traditions. Although Paracelsus uses these foundations and the popular preexisting names of elemental creatures, he is doing so to present new ideas which expand on his own philosophical system. This system prevailed in the Classical world and was highly influential in medieval natural philosophy. The elements of earth, water, air, and fire, were classed as the fundamental building blocks of nature. Examples of creatures such as the Pygmy were taken from Greek mythology. Common threads can be found in folklore, animism, and anthropomorphism. The Paracelsian concept of elementals draws from several much older traditions in mythology and religion.
Terms employed for beings associated with alchemical elements vary by source and gloss. These correspond to the four Empedoclean elements of antiquity: earth, water, air, and fire, respectively. According to Paracelsus and his subsequent followers, there are four categories of elementals, which are gnomes, undines, sylphs, and salamanders. Undine Rising From the Waters, by Chauncey Bradley IvesĪn elemental is a mythic being that is described in occult and alchemical works from around the time of the European Renaissance, and particularly elaborated in the 16th century works of Paracelsus.
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